Understanding Broadband Speeds
This guide explains what broadband speeds mean, how they are measured, and what can affect your real-world performance at home.
For help choosing the right package for your usage, see What Speed Do I Need?
What Is Broadband Speed?
Broadband speed describes how quickly data can be sent and received over your internet connection.
Download speed
How fast data comes to you
Examples:
- Streaming TV
- Browsing websites
- Downloading apps
Upload speed
How fast data is sent from you
Examples:
- Video calls
- Sending photos
- Cloud backups
Most services provide higher download than upload speeds because typical home use is download-heavy.
How Is Speed Measured?
Speeds are measured in Megabits per second (Mbps).
A common misunderstanding is:
- “1 Mbps downloads 1 MB per second”
This is not correct.
- 1 Byte = 8 bits
So:
- A 1 MB file needs 8 Mbps to download in 1 second
- A 100 MB file needs 800 Mbps to download in 1 second
Higher Mbps = faster transfers.
Why Your Speed Is Not Always the Same
Your actual speed can vary depending on:
- Time of day
- Network load
- Wi-Fi signal strength
- Device capability
- Distance from network equipment
Your broadband package sets the maximum available speed, but real-world performance depends on conditions inside and outside your home.
What Affects Speed by Broadband Type?
Fast Broadband (WiMAX)
WiMAX is a wireless technology. Speed can be affected by:
- Distance from the transmitter
- Line of sight (trees, hills, buildings)
- Weather conditions
- Local wireless interference
WiMAX is only installed where signal quality meets our minimum standards.
Superfast Broadband (FTTC)
FTTC uses fibre to the cabinet and copper cable to your home.
Speed is affected by:
- Distance from the street cabinet
- Condition of the copper line
- Electrical interference
Homes closer to the cabinet usually receive higher speeds.
Ultrafast Broadband (Full Fibre)
Full Fibre uses fibre all the way into your home.
Speed is affected mainly by:
- Your chosen package
- Router performance
- Internal wiring
- Wi-Fi signal quality
Unlike copper, fibre distance has very little effect on speed.
Wired vs Wi-Fi Speeds
Speed tests over Wi-Fi can be lower than wired speeds because:
- Walls and floors weaken signal
- Older devices support lower Wi-Fi standards
- Interference from neighbouring networks
For the most accurate test:
- Use a wired Ethernet connection
- Test near the router
Key Points
- Your package speed is the maximum available to your router
- Real-world speeds vary by technology and environment
- Wi-Fi performance is separate from line speed
- Multiple devices share the same connection
- Higher speed allows more simultaneous activity
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